Bidar
Bidar is a district in the State of Karnataka in India. It covers an expanse of 5448 square kilometers of land that lies between 17º 35" and 18º 25" North latitudes and 76º 42" and 77º 39" east longitudes, with the districts of Nizamabad and Medak in Andhra Pradesh on the East and the districts of Nanded and Osmanabad in Maharashtra on the west. On the south lies the district of Gulbarga of Karnataka.The name of Bidar appears to be derived from 'bidiru' which means bamboo. The place seems to have been known for bamboo clusters in the past, came to be known as 'Bidaroor' and then 'Bidare', 'Bidar'. Though there are other versions of origin, the name 'Bidarooru' seems to be more near one and authenticated by contemporary literary works.
The population of the district, according to 1991 census was 12,55,799 out of which 10,10,096 lived in the rural areas and 2,45,703 in the urban areas. Average population density is 231 per sq. km.
History
Bifurcated and truncated during the re-organisation of states in 1956, it is only a fraction of its vast expanse in the erstwhile state of Hyderabad.However, the history of Bidar dates back from 231 B.C when the Satavahanas who were ruling at Paithan as vassals of Mauryas proclaimed independence. They ruled over Dakshinapatha for about four centuries and a half. The Vakatakas dominated the Deccan.
In 345 A.D Kadambas rose to power Vaijayanti (Banavasi) was their capital and palasika (Halsi) a second capital Sindas of Ranjeru- Attale nadu. In 545 A.D Pulakesin I established chalukya power. He made vatapi( the Modern Badami) his capital. In 753 A.D Rashtrakuta Prince Danti Durga proclaimed himself the sovereign power in the Deccan. Manyakheta(Malkhed) was their Capital.
In 913 A.D Rashtrakuta Karka 11 was dethroned by the Chalukya, Taila II, Taila's success was the beginning of the Chalukyan empire of Kalyani. During 1042-68 A.D Someshwara I removed the capital from Manyakheta to Kalyani. In 1075 A.D Kakatiya Beta II received Sabbinadu from Chalukyas. On 26th February 1077, Coronation of Vikramaditya VI held and he started Chalukya Vikrama Varsha.
In 1154 A.D Kalchuri Bijjala became the Mahapradhana to Taila III. In 1155 A.D Bijjala Started carrying on the administration in the name of Taila III. In 1157 A.D Kalachuri Bijjala assumed full imperial titles. In 1162 A.D, after the death of Baladeva, Basaveshwara was Minister to Bijjala. Allamaprabhu ascended sunya pitha in the anubhava mantapa. In 1167 A.D Bijjala abdicated the throne in favour of his son somideva or someshvara. In 1181 A.D Somesvara IV the son of Chalukya Taila III became ruler after sweeping away the last remnants of Kalchuri power. In 1188 A.D Yadava Bhillama seized Kalyana. The Kakatiyas also gained some territory of chalukyan empire as a result of the final dissolution of Chalukyan hegemony.
In 1270 A.D Yadava mahadeva was forced to surrender Bedadakota (Bidar) which was annexed to the Kakatiya Kingdom. Sinda Bhairava assisted Kakatiyas in the struggle. In 1318 A.D Badarkot (Bidar) and other places were ceded to Khusrau Khan. In 1320 A.D Kakatiya pratap rudra reoccupied Badarkot and other places. In 1322 A.D Bidar Town which was on the frontier of Telingana and Baswakalyan forts were taken by Ulugh Khan(Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq) who was then a prince. Those town fort were left incharge of trust worthy officers with strong garrison.
In 1336 A.D The Vijaynagara empire founded. In 1341 A.D Muhammad Bin Tughluq honoured Shihab-Ud-Din of Multan with the litle Nusrat Khan and conferred on him the Government of Bidar (One of the aqlims or provinces) with its dependencies on the condition that he should pay a revenue of one Crore of rupees annually into the kings treasury.
In 1345 A.D, As Nusrat Khan could not fulfil the condition, he was expelled. Sadah Amirs (who were revenue collectors as well as military commanders under Mohd. Tughluq) rebelled. They elected one of their members Ismail Mukh as the sultan of Deccan. As he was aged, he readily abdicated his charge in favour of Hasan Gangu.
On 3rd August 1347 Zafar Khan (Hasan Gangu) was crowned and assumed the title of Ala-Ud-Din Hasan Bahman Shah at Daulatabad. He made Gulbarga his capital. Bidar was made a taraf/province under a governor. The Bidar town began to flourish as a provincial headquarters.
In 1358 A.D, Azam-I-Humiyun of Bidar who defeated the Nayaka of warangal was appointed as the Governor of Golconda. By 1364 A.D, the Kingdom of warangal was finally destroyed by Ahmed shah.
In 1429 A.D, Bidar became the new capital. Ahmed Shah Wali (1423-1436 A.D) laid the foundations of the Bidar fort. The construction was completed around 1432 A.D
On 5th April 1481, on the order of the monarch Muhammad III, mahmud Gawan was beheaded at Kondappalli Camp. In 1523 A.D, as Bahmani Sultan Alaud-din Shah was venturing to assert himself, he was dethrouned by Amir Barid.
In 1538 A.D The Bahamani dynasty faded out of history. Five smaller states emerged including Barid Shahi dynasty. Ali Barid assumed royal appellation of Shah in 1543 A.D .
The Adil Shah of Bijapur took over Bidar in 1619 A.D.
In 1656 A.D The Mughal forces captured Bidar and Kalyani. Bidar was annexed to the Mughal empire. In 1724 A.D, Asaf Jahi Dynasty succeeded Mughal rule. In 1846 A.D, Bidar was made the headquarter of a sadar talukdar (Commissioner).
In 1905 A.D, Bidar was reduced to H.Q of Talluqdar (Collector).
On 29th August, 1911, The last member of Nizam dyansty Mir Osman Ali Khan, became the Nizam.
On 17th Sept 1948 The Nizam announced on the radio about the surrender. The Nizam rule came to an end. Asafia Flag brought down. The Hyderabad state became a part of the Indian Union.
Politics
Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies and their areas after delimitation order of 200847 Basavakalyan Vidhan Sabha Constituency - 1 Basavakalyan Taluk (Part) 1 Hulsoor, 2 Basavakalyan, 4 Manthal, 5 Kohinoor and 6 Mudbi Circles. Basavakalyan TMC
48 Homnabad Vidhan Sabha Constituency - 1 Basavakalyan Taluk (Part) 3 Rajeshwar Circle 5 Homnabad Taluk (Part) 1 Dubalgundi, 3 Chitguppa, 5 Humnabad and 2 Hallikhed (B) Circles. Humnabad TMC and Chitguppa TMC.
49 Bidar South Vidhan Sabha Constituency - 5 Homnabad Taluk (Part) 4 Nirna and 6 Bemalkheda Circles. 4 Bidar Taluk (Part) 2 Kamthana, 3 Bagdal, 4 Manhalli, and 6 Bidar (South) Circles.
50 Bidar Vidhan Sabha Constituency - 4 Bidar Taluk (Part) 1 Janwada and 5 Bidar (North) Circles. Bidar CMC
51 Bhalki Vidhan Sabha Constituency - 2 Bhalki Taluk
52 Aurad Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC) - 3 Aurad Taluk
Places of interest
Bidar Fort, Choubara, Madrsa of Mahamud Gawan, Habshikot Dara of Hazrat shal Abdul Faid, Humble grave of Mahammud Gawan, Bahamani Toms at Ashtur, Chaukandi, Baridi Tombs, Papnash Temple and Pond, Narsimha Zira, Gurunanak Zira, Gai Mukh, Mailar, Jalsangi, Karaja Dam, Dev Dev Vana, Fort Museum Basavakalyan, Basaveshwar Temple, Parusha Katte, Prabhudevara Gaddige, Tripurantaka Lake, Akkanagamma's Cave, Basaveshwara Mahamane, Vijnaneshvara cave, Caves of Sharanas Mathas and Dargahs, Manik Prabhu Samsthana at Maniknagar, Guru Nank Jhira, Papnash Shiva Temple, Narshimha Jhira Water Cave Temple