A fable is a short story that exemplifies a moral principle.
The moral principle usually comes as conclusion of the story either narrated by the writer or one of the characters in the form of an ((epigram)).
Thus a fable is a special type of ((allegory)) that narrates one coherent set of circumstances which signify a second order of correlated meanings.
One of the most common forms of a fable is a beast fable. Characters are usually animals and they talk like human beings. For example, the fox and the Grapes, a Greek fable attributed to Aesop, a Greek slave of the sixth century BC.
Thus in a fable we find that anything – an animal, a tree, a plant, a river etc, can appear as characters.
More recently, the scope and ambit of a fable has been expanded by various writers.
In Animal Farm (1945), George Orwell expanded the beast fable into a sustained satire on the political and social conditions of our age.
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