Grammar

Gramma, in Latin meant 'letter of the alphabet', from which the word 'grammar' is derived to denote the whole system of a language, and the branch of study which is concerned about it.

A system of language have several constituents. Sounds are calibrated as human voice with elementary sounds represented by alphabets. Alphabets are arranged to form syllables and syllables are arranged to form words. Words are also derived from root words. Compound words are formed by joining other words. Words are then arranged to form phrases as distinct expressions, the phrase used to form sentences, and at times several small sentences are used to form a bigger sentences. We observe that every constituent - alphabets, syllables, words, phrases, and sentences - has a distinct function in a system of language.

Therefore, in essence, the functions of alphabets, syllables, words, phrases, and sentences, in a language is collectively understood as the grammar of the language. The functions determine the structure of the language, which we call syntax.

Phonology naturally becomes part of the grammar, since it studies how languages systematically organise their phonemes, or their constituent parts of signs. Then comes the study of the structure and content of word form, that is technically called morphology including inflections. Meaning is the most important part of a language, the study of which is called semantics, and which is determined by how its constituent words get their meanings, and how meaning of a complex expression depends on the functions of the constituent parts of a language.

The grammatical functions, in practice, are a set of actual or presumed notions about correct usage in a language.

Traditionally, Grammar is divided in four parts - orthography, etymology, syntax, and prosody.

Letters, syllables, separate words, and spelling are studied in orthography.

Parts of Speech are studied in etymology.

Relations, agreements, governments, and arrangements, of words in sentences are studied in syntax.

Punctuation, figures of speech, patterns of rhythm and sound, and the patterns of stress and intonation are studied in prosody.

English Grammar