!Guatemala Guatemala is a country, Region - Central America, Capital - Guatemala (La Cuidad de Guatemala), Population in 2003 - 12,347,000, Population density - 113 per sq km, Surface area - 108,889 sq km and Currency - quetzal. It is a republic, fronting the Pacific on the W., between Mexico on the N., and San Salvador and Honduras on the S.; is for the most part mountainous, with intervening valleys of rich fertility, little explored; minerals are abundant, and gold and silver are worked, but the wealth of the country lies in its fertile soil, which produces abundance of coffee, sugar, cotton, tobacco, and fruits of all kinds; there is some manufacture of textiles, pottery, &c.; the want of good roads has hindered the development of the country; Roman Catholicism prevails; and the government is vested in a President and Council; its independence was proclaimed in 1839. The capital, Guatemala, stands on a plateau 72 m. NE. of its port, San José; there is a cathedral and an archbishop's palace, also electric light, and conveyance.