The history if Garhwa has alway been attatched to the histrory of Palamu because it was earlier a part of that district. The whole area remained almost free from outside domination. The reason behind it was its being mostly hilly and forest tracts. The area was probably inhabited by tribals. The three aboriginal races Kharwar, Oraon and Chero are believed to be ruler of this tract in early days. From 16th century onwards, the Cheroes reigned over Garhwa for almost 200 years. The most famous among Chero rulers was Medani Rai. Garhwa has a major contribution in 1857 Movement, which is known as first war of independence of India. At that time Garhwa was the main seat of Movement in Palamu district. Nilambar and Pitambar Sah, both brothers and the leaders of the Kharawar tribes, declared themselves independent. Garhwa played significant role in freedom movement of the country. It was a subdivision of Palamu district which become full fledged district in 1991.