Ernakulam
Ernakulam is a district in the State of Kerala in India. Kakkanad is its headquarter. The District can be divided geographically as Highland, Midland and Coastal area. The altitude of Highland is about 1000 feet.Its geographical area is 2407 Sq.kms with Coastal line 46 Kms. Water bodied area of this district is 12,700 Hectares and forest land is 8,123 Hectares. It lies between Latitude 9°57’ N and Longitude 76°15’ E. It is bounded by Thrissur District in the North, Idukki District in the East, Arabian Sea in the West, Kottayam & Alappuzha Districts in the South. The district is situated at Altitude at Sea Level.
The word Ernakulam was drawn from a Tamil word Erayanarkulam means abode of Lord Shiva's.
As per census 2001 it had a population of 15,38,397.
The present Ernakulam District include Paravur, Aluva, Kochi, Kanayannoor, Muvattupuzha, Kunnathunadu, Kothamangalam Taluks which come under Fortkochi and Muvattupuzha Revenue Sub Division. Prior to the formation of Idukki District, Thodupuzha Taluk was also a part of Ernakulam District.
There are 7 taluks, 124 villags, 15 blocks, 88 panchayats, 1 Corporation (Kochi), 8 municipalities, and 14 assembly segments in the district.
Average rainfall yearly is 3431.8 mm and 139 rain days. As there are rivers, lakes and seas the region has a moderate climate. Temperature is between 31.3oCand 25.8oC . Many types of sands and soil and also rocks which are geological importance is abundant here.
Majority of islands in Kerala are in Ernakulam district which was from different parts of old Cochin-Travancore-Malabar area. The main islands of this district all man-made Willington Island,World's most populated Vypeen Island, Cheriya Kadamakkudi, Valiya Kadamakkudi, Ramanthuruthu, Ponjikkara, Vallarpadam, Kumbalam, Panangad, Cheppanam, Nettoor, Pizhala, Kankattuthuruthu, Korampadam, Cheranelloor, Chathanadu, Chendamangalam. All these islands are populated areas. All these islands are believed to have formed from the soil accumulated due to soil erosion of highlands.
History
Ernakulam district formed on 1st April 1958 carving areas of erstwhile Travancore-Kochi-Malabar kingdoms. Major portion of the district is from the Kochi kingdom. The district consists of the mainland Ernakulam, the man made Willington Island, Mattanchery, Fort Kochi, world's most populous area of Vypeen Island, Bolghatty Palace etc. Kochi is the most modern city of Kerala where the best shopping, markets and bazars are located.From time immemorial Arabs, Chinese, Dutch, British and Portuguese seafarers followed the sea route to Kochi and left their impressions in the town. The Chinese fishing nets, believed to be erected in 1350 AD, swaying in the breeze over backwaters, the Jewish Synagogue, Dutch Palace, Portuguese Architecture, Bolghatty Palace etc. enrich the heritage of Kerala.
Ernakulam District was formed on April 1st 1958.
Politics
Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies and their areas after delimitation order of 200874 Perumbavoor Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Perumbavoor Municipality and Asamannoor, Koovappady, Mudakkuzha, Okkal, Rayamangalam, Vengola and Vengoor Panchayats in Kunnathunad Taluk.
75 Angamaly Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Angamaly Municipality and Ayyampuzha, Kalady, Karukutty, Malayattoor-Neeleswaram, Manjapra, Mookkannoor, Parakkadavu and Thuravoor Panchayats in Aluva Taluk.
76 Aluva Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Aluva Municipality and Chengamanad, Choornikkara, Edathala, Kanjoor, Keezhmad, Nedumbassery and Sreemolnagaram Panchayats in Aluva Taluk.
77 Kalamassery Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Kalamassery Municipality in Kanayannur Taluk and Alangad, Eloor, Kadungalloor, Kunnukara, and Karumalloor Panchayats in Paravoor Taluk.
78 Paravur Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Paravur Municipality and Chendamangalam, Chittattukara, Ezhikkara, Kottuvally , Puthenvelikkara, Varappuzha and Vadakkekara Panchayats in Paravoor Taluk.
79 Vypeen Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Kadamakudy and Mulavukad Panchayats in Kanayannur Taluk and Edavanakkad, Elamkunnapuzha, Kuzhuppilly, Nayarambalam, Njarakkal and Pallippuram Panchayats in Kochi Taluk.
80 Kochi Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Kumbalangi and Chellanam panchayats and Wards No.1 to 10 and 19 to 25 of Kochi (M.Corporation) in Kochi Taluk.
81 Tripunithura Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Thripunithura Municipality and Kumbalam, Maradu and Udayamperoor Panchayats in Kanayannur Taluk and Wards No.11 to 18 of Kochi (M. Corporation) in Kochi Taluk.
82 Ernakulam Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Ward No.26 of Kochi (M. Corporation) in Kochi Taluk; Cheranalloor Panchayat in Kanaynnur Taluk and Wards No.27 to 30, 32, 35 & 52 to 66 of Kochi (M. Corporation) in Kanaynnur Taluk.
83 Thrikkakara Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Wards No.31, 33, 34 & 36 to 51 of Kochi (M. Corporation) and Thrikkakara Panchayat in Kanayannur Taluk.
84 Kunnathunad Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC) - Aikaranad, Kizhakkambalam, Kunnathunad, Mazhuvannoor, Poothrikka, Thiruvaniyoor, Vadavucode-Puthencruz and Vazhakulam Panchayats in Kunnathunad Taluk.
85 Piravom Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Amballoor, Edakkattuvayal, Chottanikkara, Mulanthuruthy and Thiruvankulam Panchayat in Kanayannur Taluk and Elanji, Koothattukulam, Maneed, Pampakuda, Piravom, Ramamangalam and Thirumarady Panchayats in Muvattupuzha Taluk.
86 Muvattupuzha Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Muvattupuzha Municipality and Arakuzha, Avoly, Ayavana, Kalloorkad, Manjalloor, Marady, Paipra, Palakkuzha and Valakom Panchayats in Muvattupuzha Taluk and Paingottoor and Pothanicad Panchayats in Kothamangalam Taluk
87 Kothamangalam Vidhan Sabha Constituency - Kothamangalam Municipality and Kavalangad, Keerampara, Kottappady, Kuttampuzha, Nellikkuzhi, Pallarimangalam, Pindimana and Varappetty Panchayats in Kothamangalam Taluk.