Newcastle-upon-Tyne

Newcastle-upon-Tyne is a city in England, and a ceremonial county of itself, and chief town of Northumberland. It is situated on the North bank, and 10 miles from the mouth, of the Tyne, 275 miles North of London. The old town extends some two miles along the river bank, and with its crowded quays, narrow winding streets, and dingy warehouses, presents a striking contrast to the handsome modern portion, which stretches back on gently rising ground. The cathedral is an imposing and interesting architectural structure, while the public buildings are more than usually ornate. The Colleges of Medicine and of Science are now part of Newcastle University and Northumbria University, but were formerly affiliated to Durham University. There are several fine libraries, theatres, hospitals, and charitable institutions, and the city is especially well off in the matter of public parks and pleasure grounds. Several bridges (including Robert Stephenson's famous High Level Bridge) span the river and connect Newcastle with Gateshead. It has been traditionally the chief centre of the English coal trade, and is a busy hive of all kinds of metallic, chemical, machinery, and kindred works, which gave rise to an immense and ever-increasing shipping trade. As a centre of shipbuilding the Tyne was second only to the Clyde, but now little of shipbuilding remains.

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