Kerala

Kerala is a state in India. Area of this state is 38,863 sq kms. It has a population of about 31,841,374 as per census 2001. Thiruvananthapuram is the capital city of this state. The principal language of this state is Malayalam.

History and Geography

Kerala is in the extreme south-west of the Indian subcontinent. When the independent India amalgamated small states together Travancore and Cochin states were integrated to form Travancore - Cochin state on 1 July, 1949. However, Malabar remained under the Madras province. Under the State's reorganisation Act-1956, Travancore - Cochin state and Malabar were united to form Kerala State on 1 November, 1956.

Kerala's culture has been an integral part of the mainstream of Indian culture. In between the high Western Ghats on the east and the Arabian Sea on the west, the width of the state varies from 35 km to 120 km. According to the geographical features, the State can be divided into hills, valleys, midland plains and costal belt. Kerala is rich in rivers and backwaters. 44 rivers (41 west flowing and 3 east flowing) cut across Kerala with their innumerable tributaries and benches. The backwaters form an attractive and economically valuable feature of Kerala.

There are 20 Lok Sabha and 140 Vidhan Sabha constituencies in the state.

Districts

Alappuzha District Ernakulam District Idukki District Kannur District Kasaragod District Kollam District Kottayam District Kozhikode District Malappuram District Palakkad District Pathanamthitta District Thiruvananthapuram District Thrissur District Wayanad District

Gram Panchayats which are spread over in more than one districts

Athirappally - Ernakulam and Thrissur Districts.
Puthenvelikkara - Ernakulam and Thrissur Districts.
Kumaramangalam - Ernakulam and Idukki Districts
Idukki-Kanjikkuzhi :- Ernakulam and Idukki Districts
Manjalloor - Ernakulam and Idukki Districts
Kalloorkkad - Ernakulam and Idukki Districts
Paingottur - Ernakulam and Idukki Districts
Neelamperoor - Kottayam and Alappuzha Districts
Nedumpuram - Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha distrcts.
Kulanada - Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha distrcts.
Kalanjoor - Kollam and Pathanamthitta districts

Lok Sabha and the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) constituencies

1 Kasaragod Lok Sabha Constituency - 1 Manjeshwar Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 2 Kasaragod Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 3 Udma Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 4 Kanhangad Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 5 Trikaripur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 6 Payyannur Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 7 Kalliasseri Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

2 Kannur Lok Sabha Constituency - 8 Taliparamba Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 9 Irikkur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 10 Azhikode Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 11 Kannur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 12 Dharmadam Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 15 Mattannur Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 16 Peravoor Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

3 Vadakara Lok Sabha Constituency - 13 Thalassery Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 14 Kuthuparamba Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 20 Vadakara Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 21 Kuttiadi Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 22 Nadapuram Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 23 Quilandy Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 24 Perambra Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

4 Wayanad Lok Sabha Constituency - 17 Mananthavady Vidhan Sabha Constituency (ST), 18 Sulthanbathery Vidhan Sabha Constituency (ST), 19 Kalpetta Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 32 Thiruvambadi Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 34 Ernad Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 35 Nilambur Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 36 Wandoor Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC).

5 Kozhikode Lok Sabha Constituency - 25 Balusseri Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC), 26 Elathur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 27 Kozhikode North Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 28 Kozhikode South Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 29 Beypore Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 30 Kunnamangalam Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 31 Koduvally Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

6 Malappuram Lok Sabha Constituency - 33 Kondotty Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 37 Manjeri Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 38 Perinthalmanna Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 39 Mankada Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 40 Malappuram Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 41 Vengara Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 42 Vallikunnu Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

7 Ponnani Lok Sabha Constituency - 43 Tirurangadi Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 44 Tanur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 45 Tirur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 46 Kottakkal Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 47 Thavanur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 48 Ponnani Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 49 Thrithala Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

8 Palakkad Lok Sabha Constituency - 50 Pattambi Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 51 Shornur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 52 Ottappalam Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 53 Kongad Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC), 54 Mannarkkad Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 55 Malampuzha Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 56 Palakkad Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

9 Alathur Lok Sabha Constituency (SC) - 57 Tarur Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC), 58 Chittur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 59 Nenmara Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 60 Alathur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 61 Chelakkara Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC), 62 Kunnamkulam Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 65 Wadakkanchery Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

10 Thrissur Lok Sabha Constituency - 63 Guruvayoor Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 64 Manalur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 66 Ollur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 67 Thrissur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 68 Nattika Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC), 70 Irinjalakuda Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 71 Puthukkad Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

11 Chalakudy Lok Sabha Constituency - 69 Kaipamangalam Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 72 Chalakudy Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 73 Kodungallur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 74 Perumbavoor Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 75 Angamaly Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 76 Aluva Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 84 Kunnathunad Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC).

12 Ernakulam Lok Sabha Constituency - 77 Kalamassery Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 78 Paravur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 79 Vypeen Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 80 Kochi Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 81 Tripunithura Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 82 Ernakulam Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 83 Thrikkakara Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

13 Idukki Lok Sabha Constituency - 86 Muvattupuzha Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 87 Kothamangalam Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 88 Devikulam Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC), 89 Udumbanchola Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 90 Thodupuzha Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 91 Idukki Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 92 Peerumade Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

14 Kottayam Lok Sabha Constituency - 85 Piravom Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 93 Pala Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 94 Kaduthuruthy Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 95 Vaikom Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC), 96 Ettumanoor Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 97 Kottayam Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 98 Puthuppally Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

15 Alappuzha Lok Sabha Constituency - 102 Aroor Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 103 Cherthala Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 104 Alappuzha Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 105 Ambalappuzha Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 107 Haripad Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 108 Kayamkulam Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 116 Karunagappally Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

16 Mavelikkara Lok Sabha Constituency (SC) - 99 Changanassery Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 106 Kuttanad Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 109 Mavelikkara Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC), 110 Chengannur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 118 Kunnathur Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC), 119 Kottarakkara Vidhan Sabha Constituency, and 120 Pathanapuram Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

17 Pathanamthitta Lok Sabha Constituency - 100 Kanjirappally Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 101 Poonjar Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 111 Thiruvalla Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 112 Ranni Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 113 Aranmula Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 114 Konni Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 115 Adoor Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC).

18 Kollam Lok Sabha Constituency - 117 Chavara Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 121 Punalur Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 122 Chadayamangalam Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 123 Kundara Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 124 Kollam Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 125 Eravipuram Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 126 Chathannoor Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

19 Attingal Lok Sabha Constituency - 127 Varkala Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 128 Attingal Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC), 129 Chirayinkeezhu Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 130 Nedumangad Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 131 Vamanapuram Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 136 Aruvikkara Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 138 Kattakkada Vidhan Sabha Constituency.

20 Thiruvananthapuram Lok Sabha Constituency - 132 Kazhakoottam Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 133 Vattiyoorkavu Vidhan Sabha Constituency (SC), 134 Thiruvananthapuram Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 135 Nemom Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 137 Parassala Vidhan Sabha Constituency, 139 Kovalam Vidhan Sabha Constituency and 140 Neyyattinkara Vidhan Sabha Constituency.